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Dagestan State Pedagogical University. Journal. Psychological and Pedagogical Sciences

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Vol 18, No 1 (2024)
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PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCE

5-15 56
Abstract

The aim of the article is to highlight the issues of patriotism and patriotic education of young people as a necessary condition for ensuring of Dagestan unity.

Methods. Theoretical analysis, generalization.

Results. Here are the recommendations on strengthening the role of patriotic education and the reasons for the need to actualize the role in our difficult time.

Conclusions. In the face of serious challenges and threats faced by Russia, it is necessary to increase the interest of young people in patriotic topics in every possible way.

16-20 62
Abstract

Aim. To consider the possibilities of combinatorial problems in the computer science course for the development of critical thinking of high school students.

Methods. Analysis of pedagogical literature, textbooks on computer science, conversation, observation, analysis of pedagogical experience.

Result. It is shown that in the course of solving combinatorial problems in various ways, students improve such mental operations as analysis, generalization, comparison, reflection, which contributes to the development of critical thinking. The task from the materials of the Unified State Exam test material in computer science is taken as a basis.

Conclusion. The solution of combinatorial problems is accompanied by logic in reasoning and variability of solutions, which effectively develops critical thinking.

20-24 66
Abstract

The aim is to identify the directions of environmental cultural development among students in educational and project activities.

Methods. Theoretical, empirical.

Conclusion. The article considers some pedagogical conditions and elements of the environmental cultural development of students in educational and project activities, as well as requirements for pedagogical competencies of students.

25-29 60
Abstract

Aim. This article raises issues related to the preservation of students' health during distance learning. Authors the features of the influence of the distance learning format on the health of students, in particular, university students, are considered. Distance learning is one of the main directions of development of the modern educational system. In this regard, there is a need to study the impact of such training on the information and psychological health of the student.

Methods. Analysis, synthesis, generalization, observation, conclusions, pedagogical experience. Result. Distance learning is a form of education that assumes that the learning process takes place without direct contact between the student and the teacher. There is a "distance" between the participants of the pedagogical process.

Conclusion. In this paper, various aspects of this problem are considered, including the analysis of the psychological characteristics of students engaged in distance learning, as well as studies of the impact of such training on the mental and physical health of students. The analysis of educational and scientific-methodical literature proves the fact that the problem of health preservation, prevention of diseases in students during the distance learning format is the most urgent task of higher education.

30-40 65
Abstract

The article reflects the materials of a cycle of student research on the development of a methodology for self-assessment of students’ meta-subject educational results.

The aim of the article is to test the empirical possibilities of the methodology in the context of identifying the features of self-assessment of meta-subject results of high school students mastering technical programs.

Methods: the author's questionnaire «Self-assessment of meta-subject educational results» (Gumnitskaya A. S., Yusupova Yu. L., Markina N. V.), Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and non-parametric Mann-Whitney test.

Results. The features of self-assessment of meta-subject educational results of children mastering programs of additional education of a technical orientation, as well as among students mastering the programs «IT-technologies» were found.

Conclusions. It is noted that the features of self-assessment of meta-subject educational results are determined not only by the features of the program, but also by the duration of its development.

41-46 69
Abstract

The aim of the article is to discuss methodological issues related to the organization of work on the use of divergent tasks for the development of younger schoolchildren’s functional literacy.

Methods. Analysis, synthesis, generalization, observation, questioning, pedagogical experiment.

Result. Examples of a number of key divergent tasks with the methodology of their presentation in the classroom and the organization of work on them, which in practice have shown their effectiveness in achieving the goal.

Conclusion. Systematic and methodically justified use of functional divergent tasks (tasks, ideas and proposals) that arouse cognitive interest in the course of teaching mathematics to younger schoolchildren stimulates the development of functional literacy in them.

47-51 53
Abstract

The aim of the article is to analyze the importance of consistent teaching of Arabic grammar in secondary school, which consists in the formation of students' grammatical skills within a certain grammatical minimum to be memorized at school.

Methods. Imitation, substitution, transformational.

Results. To the full extent, the language can become a means of communication with the ability of students to speak competently, which is achieved by knowledge of the morphology and syntax of the Arabic language. Teaching grammar according to the Arabic linguistic tradition is very different from the methods of teaching it proposed by domestic teachers.

Conclusions. Currently, the secondary school cannot fully provide the conditions for mastering extensive grammatical material in Arabic – due to the insufficient number of hours, the presence of many other academic disciplines and other objective factors. Therefore, the teacher needs to make efforts to ensure that children properly master the grammatical minimum of the Arabic language. Based on the above reasons, teaching Arabic grammar should be based on the methodology proposed by domestic teachers.

51-56 104
Abstract

Aim. The article deals with topical issues of modernizing modern education, in particular, school education. A feature of school education is the introduction of a competence-based approach into its methodology. The fact that the competence approach in schools, albeit partially, began to be implemented much earlier than in universities and colleges indicates its importance and relevance.

Methods. Analysis, synthesis, generalization, observation, conclusions, pedagogical experience.

Result. The achievement of priority tasks, namely, the formation of necessary competencies among schoolchildren is manifested in the special organization of the educational process. Particular attention should be paid to the choice of content, forms, methods, methodological techniques and teaching tools.

Conclusion. The analysis of the relevant psychological, pedagogical and methodological literature indicates that the competencу approach in education is the formation of certain necessary competencies in students. School FGOS of the 2nd and 3rd generation contain fundamentally new requirements for learning outcomes. In these documents, the terms universal educational actions, personal, subject and meta-subject skills, i.e. the ability of students to independently acquire new knowledge and skills, appeared. It is important to understand that education, built in accordance with the competence approach, has an applied orientation. In particular, a person who has mastered a certain level of education has the necessary competencies and is ready to solve relevant practical tasks with their help.

57-63 48
Abstract

Aim. The article evaluates and analyzes technological approaches to psychological and pedagogical support for professional growth of teachers of special and inclusive education.

Methods. Processing of the results of the study was carried out through a theoretical analysis of the internal structure and patterns of the phenomena under study, as well as their interaction and conditionality.

Results. Evaluation and analysis of the research results made it possible to identify a number of conditions for the implementation of special psychological and pedagogical technologies to ensure the professional growth of special and inclusive education teachers.

Conclusion. Technological approaches to psychological and pedagogical support for the professional growth of teachers of special and inclusive education, discussed in the article, represent a multidimensional and dynamic structure, mediated by the ongoing transformations in society and in education.

64-69 46
Abstract

The main aim of the study is to identify the effectiveness of an integrated lesson in the modern educational process. In accordance with this aim, the authors used methods of analysis and generalization of literary sources, conducted experimental classes.

The results of the conducted research allow us to speak about the positive impact of integrated lessons on the educational process, about the expediency of developing a course of seminars to optimize the educational process, increase the motivation of students.

Conclusions. The features of integrated lessons are identified and described. A tool for identifying the step-by-step development of a seminar course is presented. The achievements of integrated classes are substantiated.

70-75 46
Abstract

The aim of this article is to point out promising practices for using artificial intelligence (AI) in the educational process.

Methods. This study is based on the study of the ideas of domestic researchers about the specifics of the use of AI in the educational process, the results of experimental work on the use of AI in the educational process are described.

Results. As a result of the experimental work, the advantages and disadvantages of using AI systems (chatbot) in the course of teaching English were established.

Conclusions. As a result of the work done, it can be stated that the introduction of the practice of using AI systems by students should be accompanied by the teacher's control. At the same time, as it was revealed, the use of AI systems in the work of a teacher can significantly reduce the workload and increase the productivity of teaching.

76-79 48
Abstract

The aim of the present study is to reveal the influence of the developed system of holding competitions with students of the Physical Education Faculty on their professional and pedagogical preparation for work in a rural school.

Methods. Analysis, generalisation, observation, questionnaire.

Result. Olympiads and contests are indispensable forms of public control over the results of students' educational activity. They reveal not only knowledge, but also cognitive interests of students and stimulate the work of teachers to cultivate these interests.

Conclusion. The use of Olympiads in combination with the usual traditional events of students' educational activity allows to model situations close to their work activity in rural school conditions and to increase their activity in acquiring deeper knowledge, skills and abilities in professional training.

80-84 42
Abstract

The main aim of the study is to identify the value of the linguistic and cultural aspect in accelerated language learning and the need for the formation of intercultural communication.

In accordance with the purpose, the authors used methods of analysis and generalization of literary sources. The tasks are also set: to explain the essence of the linguistic and cultural aspect, the advantages of intercultural communication, to identify the features of interlanguage communications.

The results of the study allow us to talk about the significant benefits of linguodidactics for accelerated and effective language acquisition, about the opportunities that arise during the formation of cross-cultural competence.

Conclusions. The features and methods that improve the learning process are identified and described, a tool for identifying similarities and differences in languages, step-by-step adaptation when learning a language is presented.

85-92 49
Abstract

The aim of this article is to describe the specifics of term papers written using artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods. The main thing is the method of qualitative analysis of term papers, in order to identify the key advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, methods of analyzing publications by domestic authors devoted to the problems of using AI in the educational process were used for theoretical analysis.

Results. The article presents the main conclusions about the most typical problems of coursework performed using artificial intelligence (ChatGPT).

Conclusions. As we can conclude, in the current conditions, there are no effective digital tools for monitoring and identifying text written using AI. However, changing the approach to working with term papers, increasing the importance of the teacher's role, may minimize the risks of borrowing the results of AI work.

93-99 59
Abstract

The aim is to identify and systematize the typical phonetic errors of Arab students studying Russian as a foreign language, related both to the peculiarities of the phonetic system of the Russian language and the interference of skills characteristic of pronunciation in their native language.

Methods. The following research methods were used: observation, comparison, theoretical analysis and generalization, aimed at identifying the most typical phonetic mistakes of Arab students in the process of teaching them the phonetics of Russian as a foreign language.

Results. The article deals with examples of the interference of native Arabic on the process of mastering the system of vowels, consonants and stress that foreign students encounter in the process of studying Russian as a foreign language. Such difficulties appear to be a consequence of the specific features of the phonetic system of the Russian language as well as the students' native Arabic language. At the same time, the characteristic difficulties in mastering the sound system of the Russian language as a foreign language by Arab students can be systematized in the form of typical phonetic errors in their oral speech. The nature and causes of phonetic errors made by Arab students as a result of the interference of their native language in the process of studying Russian as a foreign language are analyzed. It is emphasized that the successful overcoming of the interference of the native language depends on the joint efforts of the Russian as a foreign language teacher and the foreign students themselves.

Conclusion. Successful mastery of the phonetic skills of Russian as a foreign language by Arab students is possible by predicting, taking into account and preventing typical phonetic errors, which occur due to the peculiarities of the phonetic structure of the Russian language as well as the interfering influence of phonetic skills characteristic of their native language.

100-106 66
Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify the prospects for improving the content of the Federal State Educational Standard in terms of developing digital competencies for future teachers.

Methods. The key methods are methods of qualitative analysis of the content of research on the stated topic. At the same time, the authors of the study, deriving a list of tasks implemented by a teacher in the context of using information technology, compare them with the content of the Federal State Educational Standard regulating teacher training.

Results. The article attempts to analyze the specifics of the use of information technology by practicing teachers. Based on the identified types of tasks implemented by teachers, the authors compare the types of information technology use in the practice of a teacher and the content of the Federal State Educational Standard. This allows us to conclude about the specifics of compliance of the content of the Federal State Educational Standard regulating teacher training with the current requirements for digital competence.

Conclusions. In conclusion, the authors of the study propose to include a new universal competence in the list of competencies of the content of the Federal State Educational Standard, which, according to the authors, will ensure the improvement of the training of future teachers.

107-114 34
Abstract

Aim. The article evaluates and analyzes the research activities of special education teachers as a factor in the effectiveness of their professional activities.

Methods. The results of the study were processed using the online tool for administering surveys Google Forms and Microsoft Excel software. For statistical processing of data, the method of factor analysis and the method of quantitative statistical processing (graphical method) were used.

Results. Evaluation and analysis of the research results in the form of a survey of 141 respondents made it possible to summarize and argue fundamentally important provisions that allow for their qualitative and quantitative interpretation, and subsequently formulate recommendations for enhancing the research activities of special education teachers in an educational organization, as well as interconnection.

Conclusion. The effectiveness of the professional activities of special education teachers is mediated by many factors. Among the most significant are scientific research activities, which allow realizing not only the creative potential of the teacher, but also contributes to his self-development and professional growth.

96-100 31
Abstract

The aim of the study was to consider active teaching methods in the process of forming personal and professionally significant qualities of future teachers.

Methods. Analysis, generalization, observation, questioning, pedagogical experiment.

Results. The article considers training as one of the active teaching methods, which is aimed at the formation of professional competencies, the development of reflective activity, it is recognized as effective for developing the ability to perform or master a wide range of activities. The author considered the task and structure of the training.

Conclusions. The training conducted by the author showed high efficiency in the preparation of future teachers who are close in terms of tasks and methods of their implementation. the author came to the conclusion that in the process of training, not only the psychological qualities of the personality of students as future specialists and specific practical skills develop, but also the methodological skills of practical solution of professional problems are formed, which is one of the requirements for a modern graduate.

105-112 42
Abstract

Aim is to analyze the linguistic situation, the state and prospects of teaching native languages in educational institutions of general education of the Republic of Dagestan.

Methods. Analysis of scientific, educational and methodical literature, legislative documents, generalization of results.

Results. The preservation and development of native languages is one of the important tasks facing the education system of the Republic of Dagestan at the present stage. To solve it, certain work is being carried out on the scientific and methodological support of the educational process at all its stages. At the same time, a number of problems need to be addressed, which include the lack of opportunities to receive preschool education in their native language, the uneven ratio between the languages studied in the educational process at school, weak interdisciplinary connections in the study of languages, the lack of motivation for children and their parents to study. native languages and literatures.

Conclusions. The problems of studying native languages and literatures in the education system require an integrated approach and the participation of the state, society, and family in their solution.



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ISSN 1995-0659 (Print)