The aim of the research is to consider the conditions for the formation of patriotic consciousness of high school students through their inclusion in extracurricular historical and local history activities. The main method is a theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical, historical, local history literature on the subject of research. Results. The essence and content of such concepts as patriotism, patriotic consciousness, extracurricular local history activity are revealed; the basic techniques and methods of forming patriotic consciousness in the process of extracurricular historical and local history activities of high school students, as well as the content of some forms and methods of educational work on the research problem are determined. Conclusions. Extracurricular local history activity provides knowledge of history, historical and cultural process, comprehension of such concepts and categories as patriotism, Homeland, small Homeland, Fatherland, forms patriotic consciousness among high school students.

The aim is to consider the features of organizing the health–forming educational environment in the school–university system and psychological and pedagogical support of the process of mastering the health-forming values by students and students. Methods. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature, observation, generalization, experiment. Results. The study of psychological and pedagogical literature revealed the relevance of the problem we studied. The analysis of the components of the health–forming educational environment showed the need to include all components of the educational process for the effective use of teaching, educational and developmental resources in the school – university system. A comparative analysis of the results of the experiment revealed that the implementation of the program for the formation of a healthy lifestyle allows you to create a favorable environment for the development of health-forming values by students and students. Conclusions. The health–forming educational environment in the school -university system contributes to improving the effectiveness of the educational process if the participants in the educational process realize health as a value, an indicator of the level of culture of the individual and a necessary condition for the life of society.

The aim is to analyze the main difficulties faced by students and ways to overcome these difficulties. Methods. Combined analytical and synthetic methods, analogy and generalization. Results. The authors listed the difficulties encountered by students in solving geometric problems, gave examples of computational problems and indicated ways to overcome difficulties. Conclusions. The main difficulty that students encounter when solving a computational geometric problem is related to the selection of the necessary theorem or formula.

The aim of the study is to develop an electronic educational resource aimed at developing the scientific thinking of the middle school students by solving the certain types of Olympiad mathematical problems. Methods. When developing this course, task and inductive teaching methods were used, as well as activity and system approaches to teaching. Results. A course has been developed for grades 5 to 9, consisting of chains of interrelated tasks that allow you to learn independently. Conclusions. It is concluded that Olympiad mathematical problems can be a means of developing the scientific thinking of students, if the considered teaching methodology is used.

The aim of the study is to consider the possibilities of using traditional folk crafts in the primary education system in order to form the artistic culture of younger schoolchildren. Methods. Analysis of scientific and methodological and special literature, publications, study of the centers of folk crafts of the Republic of Dagestan. Results. Various types of artistic crafts of the peoples of Dagestan are considered, the products of which demonstrate to younger schoolchildren the ability of people to transform, creatively master nature. Students can be introduced to decorative and applied art products by creating an appropriate environment and immersing themselves in it during art lessons, during excursions to museums and folk crafts centers. The creation of such an environment is indispensable when teaching art, organizing aesthetic education, as a respectful and careful attitude to the cultural heritage of their region is formed in the minds of schoolchildren. Conclusions. In the primary education system, it is possible to use the centers of traditional folk crafts as an educational environment. Acquaintance of primary school children with various folk craft centers of the Republic of Dagestan not only contributes to the formation of their artistic culture, but also instills a love of work, serves as a means of familiarizing them with the folk culture of Dagestan, as well as teachers who need to conduct a purposeful study of folk crafts are involved in the process of creative search.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the experience of the practical implementation of a project to create a network of groups of a psychological and pedagogical orientation in general educational organizations of a city with a population of less than 50,000 people (Kirishi, Leningrad Region) with the direct participation of a higher education organization (Volkhov Branch of Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia). Complex methods are determined by the goal and objectives of the study. At different stages of the work, methods of modeling, testing, questioning, observation, experiment, analysis of scientific and educational literature were used. Results. Approaches to the organization of psychological and pedagogical classes (groups) were identified, the conditions and directions for their development were determined, a work plan was developed to create a network of psychological and pedagogical classes in a small town. Conclusions. Classes or groups of psychological and pedagogical orientation are one of the important components of the project currently being implemented to provide the Russian education system with teachers. The complex model and network form of organization of psychological and pedagogical classes with the participation of a pedagogical university makes it possible to involve an association of teachers interested in the project and integrate a wider range of career guidance activities into the curriculum, thereby contributing to its more effective work.

The aim is to consider the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of information and communication competence of bachelors of pedagogical education. Methods. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature, generalization, systematization of the results obtained. Results. The necessity of the developing the information and communication competence of bachelors of pedagogical education is substantiated, the directions, methods and forms of work on its development during the study of the discipline “Regulatory and legal bases of professional activity and anti-corruption behavior” are determined. Conclusions. The growing interest and motivation of students to study the subject “Regulatory and legal foundations of professional activity and anti-corruption behavior” showed that the technologies we used ensure the development of information and communication competence of bachelors of pedagogical education as the ability to search and transform information and the use of information and communication technologies in order to create and transfer new knowledge.

The aim of the research is to study the elements of adopting the virtual and augmented reality technologies into the process of training the bachelors of pedagogical education. Methods. Literature analysis, generalization, comparison. Results. The role of virtual and augmented reality technologies in the modern world, in particular in the field of education, is analyzed, the possibilities of adopting the elements of virtual and augmented reality for bachelors of pedagogical education into the educational process are considered. Conclusions. The elements of virtual and augmented reality used in the research process can be used in the study of various disciplines by bachelors of pedagogical education.

The aim of the study was to study the process of physical activity for students with a deviation from the cardiovascular system. The main methods used in this research work are the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, experiment. Results. The initial data and changes that occurred in the respiratory system during the experiment in six groups that differed in the nature of diseases and the intensity of physical activity performed are given. Conclusions. Dosed running and swimming are the most optimal means of physical education for students with deviations from the cardiovascular system. Measuring the heart rate of those engaged in physical exercises allows adjusting the level of intensity and duration of the proposed load in a timely manner.

The aim of the paper is to consider the issues of preserving the mental health of children in modern conditions. In accordance with the aim, methods of analysis and generalization of psychological and pedagogical literature, observation are used. The results of the study suggest that the success of solving the problems of mental health of a child in modern conditions depends on a favorable pedagogical space in the family, since the first social institution in the life of a child is his family. The spiritual development of the child is carried out through the processes of communication, moral education, upbringing of the child in accordance with the characteristics of his family. Conclusions. Adults who are directly involved in the process of raising a child should work together to preserve his mental health. Currently, when various sources of information influence the development of a child, it is the parents who perform the function of transferring value systems and norms to him, including them in the social environment and other social connections.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the theoretical prerequisites and practical experience of using the infographics as a way of visualizing educational information in philological education, substantiating its advantages and importance as an effective tool of the learning process. Methods. In the course of the research, the analysis of scientific and educational literature, description, explanation, experiment were used. Results. The ways of improving the assimilation and understanding of educational information are identified, methods and techniques of working with infographics as an educational tool are determined. Conclusions. Visualization of educational information with the help of infographics contributes to the better understanding of concepts and rules. In the course of creating the infographics, students collect, process and systematize the material and present it for discussion, which allows them to master the subject well, improves their visual literacy, promotes the development of their communication skills, collaborative activities, research skills, competencies in the field of digital literacy, stimulates creative and cognitive thinking. Students will be able to use the results of their work in the course of industrial practice for teaching schoolchildren.

The ability to think critically is considered one of the main skills of the XXI century. Its development is considered in the state educational standards as an important meta-subject educational result. The aim of the study is to identify the main skill components of critical thinking. Methods. Analysis of scientific literature, generalization of results. Results. During the analysis of the literature, it was revealed that, on the one hand, critical thinking is not reduced to formal logic, on the other hand, the literature does not define what is part of critical thinking except formal logic. At the same time, without defining the structure of critical thinking, the skills that are part of it as a mental activity, its effective development is hardly possible. Theo­retical analysis of articles on the research problem and consideration of tasks proposed as a means of developing critical thinking allowed us to identify the composition of critical thinking skills and describe them. Conclusions. The development and solution of tasks and tasks aimed at the formation of critical thinking components will allow not only to develop it, but also to master the ability to work with information.

The aim of the paper is to identify patterns and problems of the implementation of the project method in the practice of biological education in schools of the Orenburg region, as well as to discuss the prospects of the project method in education. Methods. Analysis of scientific sources and regulatory docu­ments within the framework of the problem under study. Survey, questioning of teachers and students, mathematical and statistical processing of empirical data. Results. The article presents the result of a long-term study reflecting the practice of implementing the method of project activity in teaching biology in general education schools of the Orenburg region. The difficulties of implementing the method in the learning process are shown, the reasons are identified. Conclusions. The difficulties of using the project method in the educational process of a general educational school are revealed: insufficient methodological readiness of biology teachers on the problems of project-based learning; a small amount of special methodological literature; lack of working time; weak material and technical base.

The aim is to consider the relevance of methodological support of military personnel in the process of their professional training. Methods. Analysis of scientific literature, comparison, generalization. Results. The interpretation of the concept of “support” in the works of Russian scientists is analyzed. The importance of accompanying students at the present stage of development of our society is indicated. The directions of methodological support are determined, approaches in the training of military personnel in the process of professional training are considered. Conclusions. Methodological support is a tool that will provide support and assistance in the education of military personnel in the process of professional training, inclusion in social life in accordance with the norms and values accepted in society.

The aim of the study was to study the role and tasks of the teacher in the development of students' morality. The paper presents an overview of the opinions of foreign and Russian researchers about the purpose, necessity and conditions of moral education of students. The methods and research procedures used in the work include comparative historical analysis of scientific publications and generalization of its results. Results. The main roles of teachers in the moral development of students, the difficulties of moral education at school and the reasons for them are determined. Conclusions. In addition to parents who are responsible for the formation of the morality of their children, an important role in this process is played by the school as an institution that transmits moral values and promotes the moral development of students. At the same time, the teacher acts, in addition to the teacher of academic disciplines, as a mentor, instilling moral values, an organizer of a comfortable, caring environment, a facilitator, a consultant and an interme­diary between students and their parents at school. Despite the difficulties faced by teachers, ethics lessons are needed at school to educate students who are balanced and harmonious in intellectual, spiritual, emo­tional and physical aspects.

The aim is to identify the system-forming components of the structure of pedagogical technology, to determine their features and, based on the similarities and differences of pedagogical technologies, to develop an author's classification of pedagogical technologies. Methods. Analysis of scientific and psychological-pedagogical literature, comparison, generalization. Results. Based on a retrospective and systematic analysis, the authors came to the conclusion that to date, a holistic view of pedagogical technology and its components has not been formed, no answers have been found to the questions: "What is the structure and content of pedagogical technology?", "What are the mechanisms for implementing pedagogical technology in educational practice?", "Are there many pedagogical technologies or is there a limited number of them?", "By what criteria and signs is it necessary to classify pedagogical technologies?" et al . Due to the lack of unity in views on the structure of pedagogical technology, there is a need for structural and functional analysis when the studied object is considered as a complex of elements that are in interaction. Conclusions. The article distinguishes the concepts of "teaching methodology" and "pedagogical technology"; system-forming components of the structure of pedagogical technology are identified; its foundations and signs are considered and determined; similarities and differences of pedagogical technologies are found; the author's classification of pedagogical technologies is developed.

The aim of the research is to study the specifics of the formation of juridic competencies of bachelors of psychological and pedagogical education, and their compliance with pedagogical practice. Methods. The basis of this research is the study of scientific literature dealt with the problem of legal competencies and the analysis of the content of the specialized FSES HE, with a comparison of the features of the juridic competencies of practicing teachers. Results. Having analyzed the content of the existing requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for the pedagogical bachelors' and masters' training and comparing them with existing practice, a number of problems were identified that do not allow for the effective development of the legal competence of university graduates. Conclusions. Based on the conducted research, the authors conclude that it is necessary to increase the importance of juridic disciplines in the structure of educational programs, the need to take into account the positions of practicing teachers in determining the content of the Federal State Educational Standard and improving work with students.

The aim of the paper is to substantiate the expediency of organizing the individual and group work with students' mistakes in mathematics lessons and to characterize the directions of the teacher's work on the use of students' mathematical errors as a means of developing educational cooperation and universal communicative educational actions of younger schoolchildren. At different stages of the work, methods of theoretical analysis, empirical experiment and analysis of its results were used. As a result of the study, the possibilities of organizing educational cooperation between a teacher with a student who made a mistake and a teacher with a student and a class are revealed, ways of working with student mistakes in various educational situations are shown. The possibilities of teaching future primary school teachers to work with students' mistakes within the disciplines of the methodological and mathematical cycle and educational pedagogical practices are described. The results are obtained, indicating the positive impact of the use of such tasks on the quality of professionally. Conclusions. Teaching students how to organize work with students' mistakes can be considered as an effective means of ensuring the professional readiness of future teachers to organize training aimed at the formation of universal communicative educational actions in the process of teaching mathematics to younger schoolchildren.

Aim. The paper deals with the use of elements of martial arts and martial science in the system of physical education of students of higher educational institutions of Dagestan: development and substantiation of the use of martial arts and single combats in teaching this subject. Methods. Analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, observation, generalization. Results. The study showed that the inclusion of elements of martial arts and martial science in the content of training and practical classes on physical education of students contributes to improving the overall endurance, speed capabilities, speed-strength qualities and strength indicators of individual muscle groups of the lower and upper extremities. Conclusions. To increase the effectiveness of the educational process in physical culture and sports in Dagestan universities, it is advisable to rely on ethno-cultural traditions, such as martial arts and martial arts.