The Role of Defense Mechanisms in Interethnic Relations

   The aim of this study is to present a systematic review of scientific research on defense mechanisms manifested in interethnic relations, with an emphasis on mechanisms that individuals and groups use to maintain their identity, regulate tension, and overcome conflicts.

   Methods. The study was conducted with the participation of 250 individuals from various ethnic groups in Makhachkala, aged 18 to 45 years, with different levels of education and social status. Structured questionnaires were used to identify defense mechanisms in interethnic interactions. The questionnaires were filled out anonymously to ensure the sincerity of the responses.

   Results. The analyzed data revealed various defense mechanisms, including denial of differences, projection of stereotypes, and compensation through emphasizing ethnic identity. Key factors influencing the activation of strategies were identified, including the level of education, experience of interaction with other ethnic groups, and involvement in social networks.

   Conclusions. The study confirmed the significance of defense mechanisms in interethnic relations. Recommendations include the development of programs aimed at strengthening empathy and understanding between ethnic groups, further research on the influence of media on stereotype formation and perception of interethnic relations. It is also important to promote the creation of a culture of mutual understanding where respect for diversity is a key societal value. These measures are aimed at reducing the use of defense mechanisms and preventing conflicts, contributing to creating conditions for more positive interethnic interaction.

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